Immunothérapie orale alimentaire : à faible dose, en progression lente, chez de jeunes enfants, selon le phénotype de sévérité ? Quel choix pour une juste mesure ?

Abstract

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been the best-studied therapeutic approach for the treatment of food allergy over the past decade, with clinical trials examining its efficacy, safety and ability to improve participants’ quality of life. The latest research suggests that food OIT may be a promising option. Most participants in research studies acquire desensitisation. However, OIT is not without risks and side effects, including potentially serious allergic reactions. According to current studies the OIT protocol having a low maintenance dose, slow progression, early onset even at preschool age and tailored to the severity phenotype has shown significant feasibility, efficacy and safety, offering a promising option for the management of patients with severe food allergies. Education and informed shared decision making between patients and the medical team are essential. Future research should evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of this therapy in the real world, predictors of efficacy, and the use of adjunctive therapies that can mitigate adverse events.