Abstract
Treatment options for men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) are limited. Current treatment options include supportive care, second-line hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has recently been shown to provide a survival benefit for men with advanced HRPC. However, newer therapies with less toxicity but clinical efficacy are needed to broaden the treatment options available to these men. With a better understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor recognition and clearance, various immunotherapeutic approaches are now being studied. An immune response to prostate cancer can be carried out in a variety of ways: (i) vaccine-based approaches with dendritic cells pulsed ex vivowith various prostatic antigens, viral vectors, or tumor cells; (ii) cytokine-mediated approaches; (iii) antibody-mediated approaches; and (iv) modulation of inhibitory immune signals.
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