Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. In recent years, novel therapeutic options for PCa have been developed and studied extensively in clinical trials. Sipuleucel-T is the first cell-based immunotherapeutic vaccine for treatment of cancer. This vaccine consists of autologous mononuclear cells stimulated and loaded with an immunostimulatory fusion protein containing the prostate tumor antigen prostate acid posphatase. The choice of antigen might be key for the efficiency of cell-based immunotherapy. Depending on the treatment strategy, target antigens should be immunogenic, abundantly expressed by tumor cells, and preferably functionally important for the tumor to prevent loss of antigen expression. Autoimmune responses have been reported against several antigens expressed in the prostate, indicating that PCa is a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss PCa antigens that exhibit immunogenic features and/or have been targeted in immunotherapeutic settings with promising results, and we highlight the hurdles and opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men [1]
In this review, we provided overview of PCa tumor-associated antigens and how they are used to target PCa via immunotherapy (Table 1)
prostatespecific membrane antigen (PSMA) and Prostate stem-cell antigen (PSCA) are normally expressed in the prostate gland but upregulated during cancer development and they may play a role in tumor progression [44, 89, 96, 151]
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men [1]. Treatment with a PSA encoding poxviral vector vaccine in combination with radiotherapy showed PSA-specific T-cell activation, and T-cell responses against prostate-associated antigens not encoded by the vaccine This is Frontiers in Immunology | Tumor Immunity. The serine protease PSA is expressed at high levels by most PCa. Targeting PSA might elicit a tumor-specific immune response, and counteract the negative effect of PSA on both T cells and DCs. PSA poses as a promising target antigen in immunotherapy, and this is underscored by the results of phase II trials using PSA in vector-based peptide vaccines [60, 67]. Changes in circulating tumor cells and humoral and cell-mediated immunity to PSMA and other known PCa antigens and to track the persistence, accumulation, and migration of genetically retargeted anti-PSMA autologous T cells Primary endpoint: safety and tolerability of immunotherapy
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
