Abstract
Penile carcinoma is a rare disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. Advances in cytotoxic chemotherapy have been disappointing in the first-line and salvage settings, but the association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and a tumour-site agnostic approach form the basis of ongoing clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy strategies. In this Comment, McGregor and Sonpavde discuss the rationale and potential for immunotherapy in advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting associations with human papillomavirus infection and a tumour-site agnostic immunotherapy indication, which form the basis of ongoing clinical trials.
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