Immunotherapeutic modalities for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts: a comparative study

Abstract

Background Plantar warts are sometimes resistant or they tend to recur after every possible destructive therapy. Immunotherapy has been used as a promising alternative therapeutic option in such recalcitrant cases. Aim To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the intralesional injection of vitamin D3, zinc sulfate 2%, and Candida antigen in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts. Patients and methods The study included 152 adult patients with single or multiple recalcitrant plantar warts. They were equally subdivided into four groups (38 patients in each): 2% zinc sulfate, vitamin D3, Candida antigen, and normal saline respectively. Injections were done at 3-week intervals until complete resolution or for a maximum of 4 sessions. Results Complete response was achieved in 20 patients (52.7%) of the zinc sulfate group, 34 patients (89.5%) of the intralesional vitamin D3 group, 25 patients (65.7%) of the intralesional Candida antigen group and 8 patients (21.2%) of the saline group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant in favor of vitamin D3 (p = .037). Conclusions Recalcitrant plantar warts were best treated with vitamin D3 that also has the advantages of better response on distant warts, minimal side effects, and low rate of wart recurrence.