Immunotherapeutic effect of photothermal-mediated exosomessecreted from breast cancer cells.

Abstract

Aim: Exosomal damage-associated molecular patterns can play a key role in immunostimulation and changing the cold tumor microenvironment to hot. Materials & methods: This study examined the immunostimulation effect of photothermal and hyperthermia-treated 4T1 cell-derived exosomes on 4T1 cell-induced breast tumors in BALB/c animal models. Exosomes were characterized for HSP70, HSP90and HMGB-1 before injection into miceand tumor tissues were analyzed for IL-6, IL-12 andIL-1β, CD4 and CD8 T-cellpermeability, and PD-L1 expression. Results: Thermal treatments increased high damage-associated molecular patterns containing exosome secretion and the permeability of T cells to tumors, leading to tumor growth inhibition. Conclusion: Photothermal-derived exosomes showed higher damage-associated molecular patterns than hyperthermia witha higherimmunostimulation and inhibiting tumor growth effect.