Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, distinguished by genotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Especially secondary toxicity after bioactivation by microsomal monooxygenases (dependent on cytochromes P450) is characteristic of them. The immunotoxic effect is the result of very global impact on immunological reactivity of an organism and immunosuppression by induction of apoptosis of pre-B lymphocytes represents one of its particular forms. It has been proved that the effect of PAH is caused mostly by the following mechanisms: enzymatic induction by the way of activation of AhR (Aromatic hydrocarbon Receptor); alteration of cellular DNA; development of oxidative stress; increase in the concentration of intercellular calcium and decline of activity of NF-kappaB (Nuclear Factor-kappa B). Most sensitive to these changes are particularly B-lymphocytic precursors and pre-B lymphocytes. Intensity of entire manifestations is also considerably dependent on the presence and intensity of mechanisms of active or passive resistance of cells.
Highlights
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ranked among ubiquitous environmental pollutants
Immunotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons It is provable that immune system is damaged by exposure to PAH [21]
This damage is expressed by immunopathological reactivity – as its gain or its dilution, which leads to the immunosuppression
Summary
It has been proved that the effect of PAH is caused mostly by the following mechanisms: enzymatic induction by the way of activation of AhR (Aromatic hydrocarbon Receptor); alteration of cellular DNA; development of oxidative stress; increase in the concentration of intercellular calcium and decline of activity of NF-κB (Nuclear Factor – kappa B). Most sensitive to these changes are B-lymphocytic precursors and pre-B lymphocytes.
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