Abstract
Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 6(12), 1689–1691 (2006) The immune system has the ability to remember an encounter with an antigen for decades or even a lifetime. Exploration of this property and the induction of a longterm, pathogen-specific immune response led to the phenomenal success of vaccination programs against infectious diseases that still represent some of the most impressive triumphs of modern medicine and immunology. The immune system also plays a crucial role in the control of tumor development, as now convincingly documented by studies carried out on immunodeficient mice. Thus there is a hope that similar to the success of vaccination against infections, immune responses could also be harnessed to protect against cancer. This enthusiasm has been further fueled by recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms controling activation of the immune system, together with the progress in laboratory techniques that allows manipulation of components of the immune system in vitro and the generation of increasingly sophisticated vaccines. Some of the important findings relevant to the development of tumor immunotherapeutic strategies include:
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