Abstract
AIDS was recognized in the United States in 1981, when scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted a cluster of cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men in New York City and Los Angeles. HIV was isolated in 1983 and was demonstrated to be the agent of AIDS in 1984. HIV is a retrovirus of the lentivirus family, which includes the human lymphotropic viruses (human T-cell lymphoma virus [HTLV]-I and II) and HIV-1 and -2. HIV-2 infection is largely confined to West Africa. HIV-1 is responsible for the world AIDS pandemic, which is now the number one cause of death owing to infectious disease in the world. Currently, 34 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV-1, and 14 million have died from AIDS (1).
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