Immunomorphologic Manifestations in Mice Liver Infected with Influenza A/H5N1, A/Goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 Strain

Oxana V. Potapova,Alexander M. Shestopalov,Tatyana V. Sharkova,Vyacheslav A. Shkurupiy

doi:10.1155/2013/342686

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) viruses can infect mammals, including humans, causing severe systemic disease with the inhibition of the immune system and a high mortality rate. In conditions of lymphoid tissue depletion, the liver plays an important role in host defence against viruses. The changes in mice liver infected with HPAI H5N1 virus A/goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 have been studied. It has been shown that the virus persistence in the liver leads to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and intracellular proteases (lysozyme, cathepsin D, and myeloperoxidase) by Kupffer cells. Defective antiviral response exacerbates destructive processes in the liver accelerating the development of liver failure.

Highlights

Influenza takes a special place in the human infectious pathology because it has no equivalent in prevalence and incidence of diseases
Macrophages can phagocytize viruses, destroying them [12, 15]; in cases of infection with highly pathogenic viruses, including HPAI H5N1, their successful replication occurs in macrophages with the development of cytopathic effect expressed in many organs, which often results in fatal outcome [16]
It has been shown that the selected isolate of HPAI H5N1 A/goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 is highly pathogenic for mice and is capable of replicating in many organs, including the liver, without prior adaptation [10]

Summary

Introduction

Influenza takes a special place in the human infectious pathology because it has no equivalent in prevalence and incidence of diseases. Many researchers have reported significant depletion of lymphoid tissue as a result of massive apoptosis of lymphocytes under the infection [13, 14] In this connection, a special role acquires nonspecific protection mechanisms of the organism, cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, a significant pool of which is concentrated in the lungs and liver [12]. Macrophages can phagocytize viruses, destroying them [12, 15]; in cases of infection with highly pathogenic viruses, including HPAI H5N1, their successful replication occurs in macrophages with the development of cytopathic effect expressed in many organs, which often results in fatal outcome [16]

Objectives

Methods

Results