Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an important method for the treatment of malignant hematological diseases and some non-hematological diseases. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), as a major complication after allo-HCT, seriously affects the efficacy of transplantation and is the main cause of transplant failure and non-relapse death. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great application prospects in the prevention and treatment of aGvHD due to their unique tissue repair and immunomodulatory functions. However, the discovery of MSCs in clinical trials has greatly exceeded the basic research on their physiological properties and functions. Moreover, the lack of understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs and the lack of specific markers to monitor the therapeutic response of MSCs in clinical indications have limited the clinical application and transformation of MSCS. In this review, the pathophysiological process of aGvHD, the functional characteristics of MSCs and the mechanism of their immunosuppressive effect in aGvHD, and the biomarkers to monitor the responsiveness of MSCs were summarized, and the limitations and feasibility of MSCs in clinical application were discussed.
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