Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavonoids: Possible Induction of T CD4+ Regulatory Cells Through Suppression of mTOR Pathway Signaling Activity.

Aysooda Hosseinzade,Sepideh Soukhtehzari,Gabriel S Brandt,Omid Sadeghi,Akram Naghdipour Biregani,Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00051

Abstract

The increasing rate of autoimmune disorders and cancer in recent years has been a controversial issue in all aspects of prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Among dietary factors, flavonoids have specific immunomodulatory effects that might be of importance to several cancers. Over different types of immune cells, T lymphocytes play a critical role in protecting the immune system as well as in the pathogenesis of specific autoimmune diseases. One of the important mediators of metabolism and immune system is mTOR, especially in T lymphocytes. In the current review, we assessed the effects of flavonoids on the immune system and then their impact on the mTOR pathway. Flavonoids can suppress mTOR activity and are consequently able to induce the T regulatory subset.

Highlights

Nutrition and metabolism play an important and undeniable role in public health
If T effector cells are not able to change their metabolic status, they will be unable to respond to pathogens
The PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway is up-regulated after T helper (Th) activation, and its suppression results in anergy

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Nutrition and metabolism play an important and undeniable role in public health. genes have specific importance in susceptibility to diseases, some environmental factors can affect a gene’s ability to “switch on or off ” [1]. Activation or suppression of the mTOR pathway determines Th cell differentiation into inflammatory and regulatory subsets (Figure 1). It is still unknown if flavonoids can suppress mTOR function and induce Treg subsets. The mechanism of loss of immune tolerance is not yet fully understood, some behaviors like smoking may interfere with tolerance and lead to autoimmunity disorders [34] For this reason, other environmental factors like diet play a critical role in immune tolerance failure. We get general information about the effects of flavonoids on different compartments of immune system; function of innate and acquired immune cells, antibody production, cytokine secretion, and nuclear transcription factor activity. The entire data suggests that flavonoids can suppress pro-inflammatory immune response

IMMUNE SYSTEM

METABOLISM OF Th CELLS

IN CANCER CELLS

Cervical cell line

CONCLUSION