Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune connective tissue disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and contribute to the immune homeostasis in SLE. The effects of MSCs and EVs on SLE have been drawing more and more attention during the past few years. This article reviews the immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of MSC/MSC-EVs in SLE, which provides novel insight into understanding SLE pathogenesis and guiding the biological therapy.
Highlights
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with multiple organs and multiple systems damages
We provide an updated review of currently available information regarding dysregulated immune cells and mechanical molecules involved in SLE pathogenesis, which would be promising for investigating new biological approaches to SLE treatment
These findings have suggested the biological functions of Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-extracellular vesicles (EVs) are similar to MSC that can regulate immune cells growth and function
Summary
SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with multiple organs and multiple systems damages. MSCs-EVs exert immunomodulatory effects by inducing immune cells differentiation into cells with more anti-inflammatory or tolerant phenotype [14]. Accumulating studies have implicated that EVs derived non-coding RNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [24, 25]. Emerging evidence has elucidated that exosome-deriving miRNAs, circRNAs and other non-coding RNAs play important roles in SLE pathogenesis [41, 42]. We have summarized currently available studies on the role of MSCs and MSCs-EVs in autoimmune diseases, primarily including SLE. These findings are useful for understanding SLE pathogenesis and exploring novel biomarkers for SLE diagnosis and treatment. The extensive wealth of invitro data has suggested MSCs exert immunomodulatory effect on T cells and might participate in maintaining the balance of TABLE 1 | Mechanism of action with MSCs and EVs on T cells
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