Abstract
Objective: This study was to determine the immunomodulatory effect of a mixture of water extracts of betel (Piper betle L.) leaf and (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) gambier on phagocytic cells and modulation on phosphatase enzyme of mice. 
 Methods: Mixture of extracts of betel leaf and gambier (ratio, 429:71) was given to seven groups of mice for 14 days with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two kinds of immunomodulatory drug in syrup form commonly used in the treatment of infectious were used as positive controls. The peritoneal fluid of mice containing macrophage cells was isolated by performing surgery. Immunomodulatory effect was done by calculating the number of phagocytosis activity and capacity of macrophage cells of mice, and measurement of phosphatase enzyme was done using a spectrophotometer ultraviolet visible on λ=405 nm, after 1 h intraperitoneal injection Staphylococcus epidermidis on each group of mice. Immunomodulatory effects of each group of a mixture of extract were compared with negative control, normal control, and positive controls.
 Results: The result showed that doses administered 200 mg/kg BW of mixture extract most efficacy for both phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity as well as for the results of testing for phosphatase enzyme. Based on statistical tests, it was significantly different (p≤0.05), if compared with negative controls and normal controls but not significantly different, if compared to positive controls (p≥0.05).
 Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it has been obtained that a mixture of water extracts of betel (P. betle L.) leaf and (U. gambir Roxb.) gambier with a dose of 200 mg/kg BW is very potential to be used as an immunomodulatory.
Highlights
Betel chewing is the number two biggest addiction in the world after smoking
Preparation of a mixture of betel leaf extract and gambier powder Betel leaf and gambier were made into powder, 429 g of betel leaf powder and 71 g of gambier powder were added with water up to volume 1 L, stirred in a blender; the mixture was filtered with Whatman paper No IV and dried with a freeze dryer and calculated the yield was obtained [18]
The results of the authentication for plants taxonomy that was done by Herbarium Bogoriense, Biological Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, indicating that the plant used for this research were Piper betle Linn. and Uncaria gambir Roxb
Summary
Betel chewing is the number two biggest addiction in the world after smoking. This is mostly done by people living in the South Asian region, Southeast Asia, China, Pacific Islands, and several other countries in the world. The people who betel chewing will cause addiction because betel chewing can cause feelings of comfort (Euphoria) and eliminate headaches [1,2,3]. The disadvantage of betel chewing is that it can cause oral cancer, this happens when people who betel chewing add young areca fruit. Because young areca fruit contains alkaloids; arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, and arecaidine, where these alkaloids in the body can form derivatives of nitrosamine compounds that are carcinogenic [1,3,6,7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
