Abstract
BackgroundThe mother’s immune status can be achieved by genetic and breastfeeding impact descendants of the immune system. The study aimed to determine whether a mother’s immune status and breastfeeding practices were related to development of bronchiolitis in her infant.MethodsThe frequency of T, B and natural kill (NK) cells in patients’ blood and their mothers’ breast milk was determined using flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum and breast milk IgG and IgD in individual patients and healthy control were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between immunocytes, immunoglobulin and respiratory score (RS) were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation test.ResultsThe mothers of bronchiolitis patients had lower IgG concentrations in their breast milk when compared to the mothers of healthy children. There was no significant difference in the frequency of T cells, B cells, and NK cells in samples of breast milk. However, significant decreases of CD3+, CD8+ T cells, as well as significant increases of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were found in the serum of bronchiolitis infants. There were positive correlation relationships between RS and CD3+, CD4+ T cells, IgG and IgD concentrations.ConclusionOur data suggested that the mothers of bronchiolitis patients had lower IgG concentration in their breast milk. The breast milk IgG might be absorbed by the breastfeeding infants, which could play important role in resistance of bronchiolitis.
Highlights
The mother’s immune status can be achieved by genetic and breastfeeding impact descendants of the immune system
The numbers of CD19+ B cells (P = 0.0056, Fig. 1d) in bronchiolitis patients were much more than that of Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of blood serum and breast milk The mothers of bronchiolitis patients had lower IgG concentration in their breast milk when compared to the mothers of healthy children (P = 0.025; Fig. 2a), but blood samples obtained from bronchiolitis patients had more IgG concentration compared to samples obtained from healthy control subjects (P = 0.0187; Fig. 2c)
The relationship between the immunocytes, immunoglobulin and Respiratory score (RS) To better understand the importance of different T and B cell subsets, we analyzed potential relationships of these subsets with the values obtained for various clinical parameters in bronchiolitis patients
Summary
The mother’s immune status can be achieved by genetic and breastfeeding impact descendants of the immune system. The study aimed to determine whether a mother’s immune status and breastfeeding practices were related to development of bronchiolitis in her infant. Bronchiolitis is one of a common respiratory disease that predominantly happened in children aged less than 2 years old [1], which is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and presents with clinical symptoms of wheezing, tachypnea and cough [2]. The infected patients experiences several days of congestive symptoms before they resolve spontaneously. Substantial evidence has indicated that compared to infants with normal pulmonary function, infants with underlying airway hyper-responsiveness are likely to display more extensive clinical symptoms of a RSV infection [3]. Patients with asthma have increased number of CD4 + T lymphocytes, decreased CD8+ T cells as well as higher ratios of CD4+/CD8+ [6]. Though NK cells have received increased attention in recent years, only few
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