Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the immunomodulatory, antiglycation and anti-ulcerative properties of Ruellia squarrosa Fenzl. Acanthaceae. Methods: Aerial parts and roots of Ruellia squarrosa were collected and extracted by maceration using dichloromethane and methanol as solvents. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay was used to evaluate immunomodulatory activity while antiglycation assay was performed by fluorescence method with rutin as standard. Anti-ulcerative activity was evaluated by enzymatic methods, namely, urease inhibition and carbonic anhydrase inhibition assays. Results: Dichloromethane extract showed immunomodulatory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 39.48 ± 8.06 % using ibuprofen as standard and antiglycation effect (IC 50 = 382.21 ± 3.43) using rutin as standard. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant showed urease inhibition activity (IC 50 = 130.2 ± 0.57) using thiourea as standard. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant also showed carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity (IC 50 = 1656.7 ± 0.08) using acetazolamide as standard. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that aerial and root extracts of the Ruellia squarrosa have significant immunomodulatory, antiglycation and anti-ulcerative properties. Keywords: Ruellia squarrosa , Immunomodulatory, Antiglycation, Anti-ulcerative activity, Carbonic anhydrase inhibition, Urease
Highlights
Use of plants started with the start of human civilization, for food purpose, and for healing
Organic material of plant origin with significant antiglycation activity can be used for prevention of diabetic complications
Urease catalysis the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide; and ureaseinhibitory activity has been designed to quantify the end products produced during this reaction
Summary
Use of plants started with the start of human civilization, for food purpose, and for healing. The accumulation of glycation end products along with proteins compromises their physiological functions [3]. The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) progressively increases with normal aging and is accelerated in diabetes [4]. Organic material of plant origin with significant antiglycation activity can be used for prevention of diabetic complications. Plants that contain immunomodulatory constituents may be used to reduce such inflammatory responses [5]. Urease catalysis the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide; and ureaseinhibitory activity has been designed to quantify the end products produced during this reaction. The advantageous objective of urease inhibition is to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide and ammonia and reduction in ulcer. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition is correlated with anti-ulcerative activity
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