Abstract
The immunomodulatory function of longan pulp polysaccharide-protein complex (LP3) was investigated in immunosuppressed mice models. Compared with the model control, peroral administration of 100 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 could significantly increase/enhance antibody production against chicken red blood cell (CRBC), concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cell, and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in serum (P < 0.05). The immunomodulatory effects, except for those on splenocytes and macrophages (P > 0.05), were also observed in mice administered with 50 or 200 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 (P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of 50–200 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 were comparable to those of 50 mgkg−1d−1 ganoderan. The strong immunomodulatory activity of LP3 confirmed its good potential as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
Highlights
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is widely distributed throughout the Southeast Asia, and its pulp has been used for a long time in folk remedies to promote blood metabolism, soothe nerves, relieve insomnia, and prevent forgetfulness [1,2]
Data concerning its immunomodulatory effect in vivo, which is important in explaining the medical application of longan pulp, is still unavailable
The highest upregulation of hemolysin level is found in LP(II), which shows no significant difference in comparison with LP(III) (P > 0.05)
Summary
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is widely distributed throughout the Southeast Asia, and its pulp has been used for a long time in folk remedies to promote blood metabolism, soothe nerves, relieve insomnia, and prevent forgetfulness [1,2]. The administration of longan pulp extracts display memory-enhancing, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, antitumor and antioxidation effects in mice [2,3,4,5], and further analysis points out that the potential active components may be polysaccharides. Our previous work has demonstrated that the polysaccharide-protein complex of longan pulp (LP3) could stimulate splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis of neutral red, and NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cell in vitro (P < 0.05) [14]. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is an alkylating agent commercially used in antineoplastic chemotherapy Both experimental and clinical results have demonstrated an apparently paradoxical effect of Cy on the tumor-host immune response. To explore the possibility for adjuvant immunotherapy in severely immunosuppressed patients, the immunomodulatory activity of LP3 was evaluated by the model of intensive chemotherapy with Cy in mice, and its effects on cellular and humoral immunity were investigated. Ganoderan, which has been widely proven to up-regulate immune function in vivo [19], has been used as a positive control
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