Abstract
Actinidia kolomikta is a species of wild plant that grows wildly in the northern part of Indochina. However there are no reports about its immunomodulatory activity. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of crude polysaccharide (CP) fraction from the root of Actinidia kolomikta on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Results showed that treatment with 2.5-25 µg/ml of CP stimulated macrophage proliferation, nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 5 µM Doxorubicin (DOX) resulted in macrophages survival rate decrease (12.6%). However co-incubation with 25 µg/ml of CP, the DOX-induced macrophage survival rate was 89.8%. At the same time the apoptosis of macrophage decreased from 37.8% (5 µM DOX) to 21.5% (co-incubation with 10 µg/ml of CP). It is suggested that CP possesses immunomodulatory activity on macrophages and protects macrophages from DOX damage.
Highlights
The low immune function of an organism may result in the generation and development of a tumor, but www.ccsenet.org/ijb may be one of the most important factors that prevent the tumor patient’s recovery
Results showed that treatment with 2.5-25 μg/ml of crude polysaccharide (CP) stimulated macrophage proliferation, nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner
Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin solution and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. (Saint Louis, MO, USA), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli 055 was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. (Kumamoto, Japan), Doxorubicin (DOX) was purchased from TopoGEN, Inc. (Florida, USA)
Summary
The low immune function of an organism may result in the generation and development of a tumor, but www.ccsenet.org/ijb may be one of the most important factors that prevent the tumor patient’s recovery. Macrophages play a significant role in the host defense mechanism. When activated, they activate phagocytic activity, produce and release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in response to stimulation with various agents and can inhibit the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and micro-organisms (Oliveira et al, 2006; Schepetkin et al, 2008). Macrophage secrete cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6β, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ and IFN-β2. The immunomodulatory activity involves effects on macrophage activation and on cell proliferation and differentiation (Schepetkin and Quinn, 2006)
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