Abstract
Porang is a local plant of Indonesia, which has a high content of glucomannan. In this study, porang glucomannan (PG) was esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to enhance emulsion properties to be widely used in food industry. OSA-modified PG (OSA-PG) enhanced the phagocytosis activity of macrophage-like J774.1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, OSA-PG increased the production of IL-6 and TNF-α by enhancing their gene expression. Immunoblot analysis displayed that OSA-PG tended to activate both nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. Treatment of OSA-PG with polymyxin B revealed that cytokine production induced by OSA-PG was not caused by endotoxin contamination. Our findings also indicated that OSA-PG activates macrophages through not only Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, but another receptor. Overall findings suggested that OSA-PG has a potential as an immunomodulatory food factor by stimulating macrophages.
Highlights
Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber is a potential glucomannan source in Indonesia due to its high-level glucomannan content
The effect of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-porang glucomannan (PG) on macrophage-like J774.1 cells and peritoneal macrophages was analyzed by evaluating the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6
As is the case with J774.1 cells, cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages declined when the cells were treated at the highest concentration of OSA-modified PG (OSA-PG) (7.5 mg/mL)
Summary
Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber is a potential glucomannan source in Indonesia due to its high-level glucomannan content. As a source of glucomannan, porang may offer many benefits as a functional food ingredient [1,2]. Esterification of glucomannan with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) produces a kind of polymeric surfactant with a high potential to be used as an emulsion stabilizer in foods. There is no paper reporting the effect of porang glucomannan (PG) on the immune system. A major function of macrophages is phagocytosis, a process to present fragmented pathogens as an antigen on their cell surface and to initiate activation of the adaptive immune response [19,20]. The findings shown in this paper may generate further value in expanding porang tuber use in the food industry as a functional food
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