Abstract
Objective: This study prepared, evaluated immunomodulatory activity of nutraceutical formulation and studied the effect of self-mortification and cow urine distillate fortification methods on the immunomodulatory potential of nutraceutical formulation.Methods: Three types of nutraceutical formulations i.e. Nutraceutical formulation (NF), self fortitfied nutraceutical formulation (SFNF) and self fortitfied nutraceutical formulation fortified with cow urine distillate (SFNECUD) were prepared using fine powders of amla, apple, garlic, onion, wheat grass, papaya, turmeric and cow urine distillate by different methods. The immunomodulatory activity of nutraceutical formulations at a dose of 500 mg/kg was assessed by various immune function parameters like cell-mediated immunity (neutrophil adhesion, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia), humoral immunity (serum immunoglobulins level and haemoagglutination antibody titer), and phagocytic activity (carbon clearance and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell activity).Results: Oral administration of NF, SFNF and SFNFCUD showed significant (p<0.01) increase in adhesion of neutrophils, potentiation of the DTH reaction and attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia. A significant increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and production of circulating antibody titer in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) was also observed. In addition, an increase in the phagocytic index in carbon clearance assay and an increase in the phagocytic activity of PMN cells was observed.Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that all three types of formulations showed significant immunostimulant activity. SFNF and SFNFCUD showed better immunomodulatory activity than NF suggesting the potentiation of immunomodulatory potential of NF activity by fortification methods.
Highlights
Immunomodulation is an alteration of the immune system and interfering with its functions; if it results in an enhancement of immune reactions it is named as an immunostimulation which primarily implies stimulation of non-specific system, that is, granulocytes, macrophages, complement, certain T-lymphocytes and different effector substances
A more significant increase in neutrophil adhesion was seen with self fortitfied nutraceutical formulation (SFNF) and SFNFCUD
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was significantly increased by nutraceutical formulation (NF) and potentiated by both the fortification methods suggesting the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity
Summary
Immunomodulation is an alteration of the immune system and interfering with its functions; if it results in an enhancement of immune reactions it is named as an immunostimulation which primarily implies stimulation of non-specific system, that is, granulocytes, macrophages, complement, certain T-lymphocytes and different effector substances. Immunosuppression implies mainly to reduce resistance against infections, stress and may occur on account of environmental or chemotherapeutic factors [1]. Immunostimulation and immunosuppression both need to be tackled in order to regulate the normal immunological functioning. Both immune-stimulating agents and immunosuppressing agents have their own standing and search for better agents exerting these activities is becoming the field of major interest all over the world [2]. Immunosuppression is a major drawback in the conventional therapy of cancer such as radiation and chemotherapy Both this method have sever side effect such as nausea, vomiting, alopecia, mucosal ulceration etc. Modulation of immune responses to alleviate the diseases has been of interest for many years and the concept of ‘Rasayana’ in Ayurveda is based on related principles [3]
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