Abstract
ABSTRACT Laetiporus sp. is recognized as a fungal species traditionally used for medicinal purposes. This study investigated the in-vitro effects of solid-state fermented Laetiporussulphureus ethanol extracts (LSE) for their immunomodulatory potential. Bioactive levels detected in the LSE on different days throughout the fermentation period revealed that the 12th day was the most efficient, with 7.19 ± 0.66 GAE/g DM crude phenolic content, 2.71 ± 0.03 UAE/g DM crude triterpenoid content, 12.93 ± 0.88 GCE/g DM crude polysaccharides, and 96.44 ± 0.2 mg/g DM ergosterol content. In-vitroLSE tests on chPBMC showed no cytotoxicity within a range of 0.05-1 mg/mL, but LPS-inhibited cell viability was improved, as well as LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin (IL)-1βwere attenuated Furthermore, the direct application of LSE on chPBMC showed a small but not significant increase in NFκB, TLR4, and iNOS mRNA expression compared with the control group. These results indicate the potential of LSE to modulate LPS-triggered inflammation processes involving TLR4 and NFκB mediation. However, further experiments are required to determine the specific pathway.
Highlights
Laetiporus sp. is a medicinal fungus traditionally used by Europeans to treat pyretic diseases, coughs, gastric cancer, and rheumatism (Ríos et al, 2012)
The results indicate that Laetiporussulphureus ethanol extracts (LSE) at all concentrations (0.05–1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) due to LPS stimulation
When observing the reaction of LSE to LPS stimulation, we found that a specific dosage (0.01-1mg/mL) improved chicken peripheral blood monocytes (chPBMC) viability and NO production
Summary
Laetiporus sp. is a medicinal fungus traditionally used by Europeans to treat pyretic diseases, coughs, gastric cancer, and rheumatism (Ríos et al, 2012). Recent studies show that the fruit bodies of Laetiporus sp. Submerged mycelial cultured Laetiporussulphureus (LS) has been reported to produce functional polysaccharides (Jayasooriya et al, 2011; Lung et al, 2011) as well as mycophenolic acids (Fan et al, 2014). This research excludes the possible limitation of only the fruiting body form of LS being used. It indicates the potential use of fast-producing mycelial culture in the health promotion field. Over 6.5 million tons of wheat are produced globally per year, resulting in a large amount of wheat bran as a by-product of flour production.
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