Abstract
The rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is now a major concern with no effective drugs and treatments. The severity of the disease is linked to the induction of a cytokine storm that promotes extensive inflammation in the lung, leading to many acute lung injuries, pulmonary edema, and eventually death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might prove to be a treatment option as they have immunomodulation and regenerative properties. Clinical trials utilizing MSCs in treating acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have provided a basis in treating post-COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discussed the effects of MSCs as an immunomodulator to reduce the severity and death in patients with COVID-19, including the usage of MSCs as an alternative regenerative therapy in post-COVID-19 patients. This review also includes the current clinical trials in utilizing MSCs and their potential future utilization for long-COVID treatments.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered, rampantly spreading disease
A mysterious pneumonia case characterized by fever, cough, and fatigue was identified, and later its causing agents were identified as a novel β-coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Inhibition of TCR-mediated T cells proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production Suppress the proliferation of T cells proliferation Indirectly blocked the secretion of cytokine (TNF-α, IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, GM-Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSFs), and IFN-γ)
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered, rampantly spreading disease. A VOC is high in transmissibility and fatality, causing a decrease in vaccine effectiveness These variants will increase their virulence and change their clinical diseases presentation, causing false results with a clinical test. As these variants can decrease the effectiveness of vaccines developed, the public health and social measures, therapeutics, and diagnosis are made less effective in preventing infection by these variants of the virus. VOI contains the capability to escape diagnosis and the immune system due to the changes in their genetic composition, affecting the disease’s capability and transmissibility [9] These mutations were attributed to solid community transmission, resulting in COVID-19 clusters with rising prevalence and case numbers over time. The variants were labeled by WHO (Table 1) in collaboration with many researchers, experts, and national authorities to globally monitor and respond to the changes of the COVID-19 pandemic [10]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
