Abstract
Polysaccharides play a key role in enhancing immune function and facilitating cellular communication. Here, we purified Nymphaea rubra Roxb. polysaccharides (NR-PS) by treating them with pullulanase. They were then cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from rat bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs). After treatment with bioactive NR-PS with a degree of polymerization (DP) value of 359.8, we found that the DCs underwent morphological changes indicative of activation. CD80/86 (87.16% ± 8.49%) and MHC class II (52.01% ± 10.11%) expression levels were significantly up-regulated by this treatment compared to the controls (65.45% ± 0.97% and 34.87% ± 1.96%). In parallel, endocytosis was also reduced (167.94% ± 60.59%) after treatment with 25 μg/mL of NR-PS as measured by the medium fluorescence intensity compared to the control (261.67% ± 47.26%). Furthermore, the DCs after treatment with 25 μg/mL NR-PS showed increased IL-12 (102.09 ± 10.16 to 258.78 ± 25.26 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (11.76 ± 0.11 to 15.51 ± 1.66 pg/mL) secretion together with reduced IL-10 secretion (30.75 ± 3.35 to 15.37 ± 2.35 pg/mL), which indicates a TH1 immune response. In conclusion, NR-PS exhibits stimulatory effects on rat DCs and promotes the secretion of TH1 cytokines. Taken together, our studies are the first to show that NR-PS is an immunomodulator affecting the maturation and functioning of DCs.
Highlights
The Nymphaeaceae include a wide range of flowering plants
The dendritic protrusions on the cell surfaces have become more pronounced and elongated [34]. These findings strongly suggest that Nymphaea rubra Roxb. polysaccharides (NR-PS) treatment promotes dendritic cell maturation
The bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs) differentiated into BMHC-imDCs and these cells were shown to be 95.27% CD11c+ by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis (Figure 3). This process was used to set up a BMHC-imDCs assay system that measured the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) after stimulation by NR-PS
Summary
The Nymphaeaceae include a wide range of flowering plants. They are called water lilies and are distributed in tropical areas around the world, living on the banks of lakes and rivers [1,2]. The plants have a broad range of flower colors, including white, yellow, red and blue [3]. They are a perennial rhizomatous herb made up of six genera, namely Nymphaea, Nuphar, Barclaya, Victoria, Euryale and Ondinea, which include seventy species. Previous studies have reported that extracts of various organs from Nymphaea can be used as medicinal plant material. The present study is the first to report polysaccharides from the carpel of the flowers of this plant as having immunomodulating activity. The present findings should help with the development and formulation of beneficial supplementary foods that ought to improve health via an improved innate immune system
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