Abstract
Constitutive activity of the immune surveillance system detects and kills cancerous cells, although many cancers have developed strategies to avoid detection and to resist their destruction. Cancer immunotherapy entails the manipulation of components of the endogenous immune system as targeted approaches to control and destroy cancer cells. Since one of the major limitations for the antitumor activity of immune cells is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), boosting the immune system to overcome the inhibition provided by the TME is a critical component of oncotherapeutics. In this article, we discuss the main effects of the TME on the metabolism and function of immune cells, and review emerging strategies to potentiate immune cell metabolism to promote antitumor effects either as monotherapeutics or in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimize cancer management.
Highlights
Immunometabolism at the Nexus of Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy and ResistanceReviewed by: Alessandro Poggi, San Martino Hospital (IRCCS), Italy Robert J
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease that constitutes a major worldwide health problem
T cells are largely divided into two subtypes: T helper (Th) cells, known as CD4+ cells, that participate in the activation of other immune cell types (B cells, cytotoxic cells and macrophages) by the release of cytokines; and T cytotoxic (Tc) cells, known as CD8+ cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), that kill cancer and virusinfected cells
Summary
Reviewed by: Alessandro Poggi, San Martino Hospital (IRCCS), Italy Robert J. Constitutive activity of the immune surveillance system detects and kills cancerous cells, many cancers have developed strategies to avoid detection and to resist their destruction. Cancer immunotherapy entails the manipulation of components of the endogenous immune system as targeted approaches to control and destroy cancer cells. Since one of the major limitations for the antitumor activity of immune cells is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), boosting the immune system to overcome the inhibition provided by the TME is a critical component of oncotherapeutics. We discuss the main effects of the TME on the metabolism and function of immune cells, and review emerging strategies to potentiate immune cell metabolism to promote antitumor effects either as monotherapeutics or in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimize cancer management
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