Abstract

Comparative immunology, implication for vaccine discovery. The development of human vaccines have several specificities. Vaccines are one of the rare pharmaceutical product injected to healthy people with an expected benefit in the mid and long-term. In addition, the evaluation of vaccine efficacy in populations exposed to infectious diseases, including endemics, recurrent epidemics and emerging diseases, is complex, in particular due to social, methodological and statistical constraints. Therefore, research of human vaccines include a large part of animal studies, and the non-human primates in particular due to their close phylogenetic proximity with humans. The new advanced technologies for immunology and for the visualization of host-pathogen interaction in vivo with little invasive approaches, offer new opportunities for vaccine development while taking into account the welfare of animals in biomedical research.

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