Abstract
This systematic review assessed studies that evaluated the immunological traits of patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated the immunological response in patients with IBD and periodontal disease were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 6 cross-sectional studies of 275 patients were included. Immunological analyses were performed in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, serum, intestinal and gingival biopsies. Four studies identified that the presence of IBD and periodontal disease was associated with higher levels of prostaglandin E2, aMMP8, IL-18 and S100A12, respectively, when compared to patients without the coexistence of both diseases. Furthermore, another study identified higher aMMP-8 levels with increasing severity of periodontitis in Crohn’s disease patients. The quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low due to the observational nature of contributing studies. The coexistence of IBD and periodontal disease seems to be associated with a more responsive inflammatory reaction compared with individuals having one or the other. More randomized controlled studies evaluating the coexistence of IBD and periodontitis are required to better explore the immunological interplay between them.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an umbrella term for Ulcerative colitis (UC) andCrohn’s disease (CD), is a complex chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract [1]
AMMP-8 > in patients with severe periodontitis and colitis (UC) andCrohn’s disease (CD) compared to UC and HC with severe periodontitis
CD compared to UC and healthy controls with severe periodontitis
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an umbrella term for Ulcerative colitis (UC) andCrohn’s disease (CD), is a complex chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract [1]. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an umbrella term for Ulcerative colitis (UC) and. Currently, the disease is the result of an inappropriate immune response against environmental factors, including luminal and microbial antigens, in genetically susceptible hosts [1]. Evidence has shown that IBD patients are at higher risk of periodontitis and are more frequently edentulous than controls [4,5]. Recent systematic reviews with meta-analyses have confirmed the association between IBD and periodontitis [4,6,7,8]. Six cross-sectional studies were included in this systematic review. A total number of 275 individuals were included in the reviewed studies. In the remaining 99 patients, 89 had periodontal disease only, and 10 were healthy controls. Different methods of analysis (three studies used ELISA assay while Luminex assay and radioimmunoassay were used by two and one study, respectively) were used to evaluate the role of cellular immune response in the presence of both IBD and periodontitis
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