Abstract
The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of cephradine on cellular and humeral immune responses in broiler chickens. One hundred one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four equal groups (25 chicks in each). 1st group healthy broiler chickens non-vaccinated non medicated (control group), 2nd healthy broilers vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine only, 3rd group healthy broilers received 20 mg cephradine in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days and 4th group healthy broilers vaccinated and received 20 mg/kg b.wt cephradine daily for 5 consecutive days. At 1st, 10th and 20th day post administration, blood samples were collected for determination total and differential leucocytic count, phagocytic activity, index, killing percentage and HI titer. Vaccinated broilers by Newcastle disease virus vaccine only, showed insignificant increase in leukocytic count, lymphocyte, heterophils, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity, total protein, total, γ globulin and HI titers at 1st day post vaccination. Beside significant increase at 10th and 20th day post vaccination coupled with insignificant increase in eosinophils, basophils, monocyte, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing %, albumin and α globulin and non-significant decrease in serum β globulin and A/G ratio allover experimental periods post vaccination. Broilers received cephradine and/or vaccinated with Newcastle vaccineeither alone or together, showed insignificant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, lymphocyte, eosinophils, basophils, monocyte, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity, total protein, albumin, total, α, β, γ globulin, A/G ratio throughout experimental period post vaccination. Beside significant decrease in phagocytosis, phagocytic index and killing % at 1st day and insignificant decrease at 10th & 20th day post vaccination coupled with significant decrease in HI titers at 1st day post administration and insignificant decrease at 10th & 20th day post vaccination. It was concluded that vaccination by Newcastle disease virus vaccine induced immune-stimulant but cephradine provoked a remarkable immunosuppressive effect in broiler chickens. Therefore, vaccination not recommended during treatment by cephradine. Â
Highlights
Antibiotics are important tool in reducing avian diseases
Chickens received Cephradine and/or vaccinated received cephradine, showed insignificant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, lymphocyte, eosinophils, basophils, monocyte, nitric oxide and lysozyme activity, total protein, albumin, total, α, β, γ globulin, A/G ratio allover experimental period post vaccination beside significant decrease in phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and killing % at 1st day coupled with insignificant decrease at 10th and 20th day post vaccination coupled with significant decrease in HI titers at 1st day post administration and insignificant decrease at 10th and 20th day post administration
Plate (1) Liver of broiler chickens vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine showed moderate degenerative changes in hepatocytes, mostly hydropic, moderate infiltration of the portal area with heterophiles and lymphocytes beside disorganization of the hepatic cells
Summary
Antibiotics are important tool in reducing avian diseases. Antibiotics are extensively used as productivity enhancers in poultry production to control infectious diseases (Moreno et al, 2007). Immunosuppression properties of some antibiotics are effective in inhibition of both cellular and humoral immune responses to a variety of vaccines (Shalaby, 1989). Several antibiotics suppress the immune response by their ability to interfere with protein or immunoglobulin synthesis (Richard and Merle, 1984). Cephradine is a beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity and available in both oral and parenteral dosage forms (Wilson and Gisvold, 1982). Antibacterial activity due to ability of beta-lactamase ring to bind bacterial enzyme Transpeptidase which important for proper cell wall synthesis (Thomson et al, 1984; El Sayed et al, 2016; Aboubakr and Elbadawy, 2017). The present work was planned to investigate the effect of cephradine inducing immuno-suppressive effect on broilers vaccinated with Newcastle virus vaccine
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