Abstract
Treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) leads to lymphopenia and infectious complications in a subset of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we aimed to reveal immune markers of DMF‐associated lymphopenia. This prospective observational study longitudinally assessed 31 individuals with MS by single‐cell mass cytometry before and after 12 and 48 weeks of DMF therapy. Employing a neural network‐based representation learning approach, we identified a CCR4‐expressing T helper cell population negatively associated with relevant lymphopenia. CCR4‐expressing T helper cells represent a candidate prognostic biomarker for the development of relevant lymphopenia in patients undergoing DMF treatment. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:676–681
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