Immunological Consequences of Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Severe Malaria Patients Living with HIV: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Pediatric severe malaria, often exacerbated by coexisting HIV infection, presents a formidable health challenge, necessitating blood transfusion as a life-saving intervention. This review explores the intricate immunological consequences of blood transfusion in children grappling with the dual burden of severe malaria and HIV. The immunopathogenesis of severe malaria, compounded by the immunosuppressive nature of HIV, sets the stage for complex interactions that impact the immune response to transfused blood. We delve into the immunological alterations induced by severe malaria and HIV individually, elucidating the potential synergistic effects when coexisting. Further, the review scrutinizes the implications of blood transfusion on the immune system of pediatric patients, examining donor-related factors and the immunomodulatory properties of stored blood. The inherent challenge lies in balancing the imperative need for transfusion with the potential risks of exacerbating immune dysregulation. Strategies for clinical management are discussed, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches to optimize therapeutic outcomes.