Abstract
Immunity is an important physiological function acquired throughout evolution as a defense system against the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The immune system also eliminates senescent cells and maintains homeostasis, monitoring cell mutations and preventing tumor development via the action of the immune cells and molecules. Immunotherapy often relies on the interaction of immune cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on the distribution of the number of lymphocytes (CD3 and CD8) in the center and edge of the tumor and the expression level of B7-H1/PD-L1, tumors are divided into hot tumors, cold tumors, and intermediate tumors (including immune-suppressed and isolated). This review focuses on the advances in precision combination immunotherapy, which has been widely explored in recent years, and its application in different tumor types.
Highlights
At present, research on the biological characteristics and treatment of tumors has shifted from investigating the tumor itself to investigating the local environment around the tumors and tumor cells, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME)
The adaptive response is triggered by tumor-specific T cells via the production of IFN-g and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which can induce immune checkpoint molecules or immunosuppressive mediators to exert immunosuppressive effects
Compared to other personalized treatment programs guided by genetic testing, precision cellular immunotherapy, as a “living drug”, provides sufficient breadth and feasibility for the rapid development of treatments for specific neoantigenic epitopes
Summary
Research on the biological characteristics and treatment of tumors has shifted from investigating the tumor itself to investigating the local environment around the tumors and tumor cells, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The basic strategy of anti-tumor immunotherapy is to restore the body’s normal anti-tumor immune response by restarting and maintaining the tumor–immune microcirculation, thereby controlling the growth of and eliminating tumors This mainly includes monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic antibodies, cancer vaccines, and cytokines and small molecule inhibitors. The strategies adopted can generally be divided into two categories: the first method is using effector cells or molecules of the TME to directly attack tumor cells This is called “passive” immunotherapy, and it utilizes the power of modern technology to achieve higher levels of immunity. The current review will discuss and provide a comprehensive view of therapeutic strategies that can be used in combination with immunotherapy, which precisely target these three tumor phenotypes
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
