Immunological characteristics of heterodimeric recombinant Fel d 1

Abstract

Rationale Exposure and sensitization to domestic cat ( Felis domesticus) is a significant risk factor for developing allergic rhinitis and asthma. Earlier studies have shown that majority of the cat allergic patients develop allergic responses against major cat allergen Fel d 1. Several attempts have been made to produce of recombinant (r) Fel d 1 as heterodimer. We have recently shown that baculovirus expression system is able to produce rFel d 1 that has compatible characteristics to nFel d 1. Methods In the present study an immunological characterization of rFel d 1 in comparison to the purified nFel d 1 and cat allergen extract (IMP Fel d, ALK-Abello') was performed by use of IgE inhibition, lymphocyte proliferation and basophile histamine release assay(s). Results In inhibition assay against cat allergen extract, natural and rFel d 1 were able to inhibit 87% of the binding of cat allergen specific serum IgE antibodies. The basophile histamine release responses with rFel d 1 and nFel d 1 showed to be in line with the responses given by the cat allergen extract. Comparable T-cell responses towards natural and rFel d 1 was obtained in lymphocyte proliferation assay and when the response of Fel d 1-specific T-cell lines was investigated even though nFel d 1 seemed to be recognized more frequently. Conclusions These results show that heterodimeric rFel d 1 elicits immunological responses that are comparable to nFel d 1. The present study demonstrates that recombinant allergen(s) with well defined biochemical and immunological characteristics are feasible for development of therapeutic vaccines.