Immunological Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Cicatricial Tracheal Stenosis

Abstract

Cicatricial tracheal stenosis is a fairly common complication that occurs after tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. However, critical tracheal stenosis is a rare case, sometimes not associated with trauma, and is probably due to the peculiarities of the patient’s immune response during the development of stenosis. In this regard, the study of the immune mechanisms of the development of inflammation in the upper respiratory tract is a very relevant and promising direction. This review is devoted to the analysis of the immunological mechanisms of tracheal stricture formation, and presents modern data on the immunopathogenesis of the disease.Clarification of some pathogenetic mechanisms of the immune response during the formation of tracheal strictures of various origins can help in identifying laboratory markers as risk factors for tracheal stricture and timely prevention of such complications.