Abstract
Two specific immune responses to HIV, the cytolytic T cell response to epitopes in the core/envelope proteins and the antibody neutralization response to the V3 epitope in the envelope, are reviewed. Substantial data has accumulated indicating that virus variants can be isolated from infected people that are not recognized by the early immune response. Furthermore, genomic changes in the virus show host dependence and emerge to prominence with a temporal pattern that is consistent with selection for escape from an earlier immune response. Escape from immune recognition may therefore be a major factor in allowing persistent viral replication in HIV infection.
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