Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy still remain a research debate, but lots of published papers show that the proliferative processes in obstructing pharyngeal tonsils are differently regulated versus those in recurrent infectious disease. Studying the immunology of these lymphoid organs allows a better understanding and, eventually, the finding of specific novel targets for the treatment of lymphoid hypertrophy and prevention of complications usually associated with it: cardiovascular, neurological and behavioral.
Highlights
The mechanisms responsible for adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy still remain a research debate, but lots of published papers show that the proliferative processes in obstructing pharyngeal tonsils are differently regulated versus those in recurrent infectious disease
The severity and the prognosis of obstructive sleep apnea can be demonstrated by polysomnography
– Stage I – the uvula and the tonsils are both clearly visible at inspection or just the uvula is visible combined with type III or IV tonsils hypertrophy;
Summary
The mechanisms responsible for adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy still remain a research debate, but lots of published papers show that the proliferative processes in obstructing pharyngeal tonsils are differently regulated versus those in recurrent infectious disease. They showed the role of inflammation as a trigger for adenoids and tonsils enlargement encountered in sleep apnea patients and in recurrent infectious tonsillitis. It seems that the immune response in patients having large obstructive lymphoid tissues is different from that seen in normal children. The leukotriene receptor concentration (CysLTR1 and CysLTR2) is higher in hypertrophied adenoids than in patients with recurrent infectious disease [6].
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