Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay), cavities or caries is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of bacteria acid producing in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The most responsible bacteria for dental cavities are Streptococcus mutans. Dental shape, saliva pH, normal flora, diets were suggested as predisposition factors for dental plaque and caries. The aim of this research was to study immunologic response in dental caries induced by S. mutans. This research was experimental study, using post-test control and complete random design. Eighteen mice (Mus musculus) with 18 weeks age, 20-30 gr. body weight, were divided into 2 groups: Infected group and negative control. In the infected group, the mice were given cariogenic food (plus 5% sucrose) and infected by S. mutans (3×105cfu/mL). S. mutans was inoculated onto the enamel and between the teeth. On the 4th day after infection, the mice were euthanized and parotid glands were removed for immunologic examinations (TNF-α, TLR3, TLR4, IL-10, IgA, IFN-γ) and measured by flow cytometry. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, α = 0.05. The results showed that infection of S. mutans caused dental caries marked by changes of the enamel teethcolour, turn to yellow and accompanied by the emergence of black dots.The TNF-α, TLR3, TLR4, IgA, IFN-γof parotid glands decreased, but the IL-10 increased significantly. Infection of S. mutans onto the enamel and between the teeth of mice caused dental caries and immunologically S. mutans suppress the mice immune system, both cellular and humoral, both innate and adaptive immunity.
Highlights
Dental caries or tooth decay, cavities, caries, is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of bacteria
S. mutans has the ability to ferment carbohydrates and the acid produced leads to demineralisation, a loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel, is important in the carious process (Peres et al, 2002)
Enhancement of cariogenic potential was associated with foods containing approximately 1% or more hydrolysable starch in combination with sucrose or other sugars (Mundorff et al, 1990)
Summary
Dental caries or tooth decay, cavities, caries, is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of bacteria. The cause of caries is bacterial breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum) This occurs due to acid made from food debris or sugar on the tooth surface. Plaque adheres to the teeth, commonly on the back molars, just above the gum line on all teeth and at the edges of fillings.If mineral breakdown is greater than build up from sources such as saliva, caries results, plaque begins to build up on teeth within 20 min after eating If it is not removed, tooth decay will begin, the teeth turns into a substance called tartar or calculus. S. mutans, is cariogenic and is a major cause of dental caries One characteristic of this bacteria is beingable to stick to all surfaces location of its habitat within the oral cavity. Glands parotis is the biggest of salivary gland and have primary function in oral infection (Wikipedia, 2015)
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