Immunohistochemical Study of Stellate Cells in Patients with Chronic Viral Heptitis C Histopathological study

Abstract

Background: Chronic hepatitis is defined as liver inflammation that lasts for at least 6 months. The Hepatitis C virus is responsible for 60 to 70% of chronic hepatitis cases; the virus causes continued inflammation that slowly damages the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis, liver failure, and, in rare cases, liver cancer. Aim of the work: To evaluate the changes in distribution and percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells and the correlation with the degree of the fibrosis in cirrhotic livers, in patients with HCV chronic hepatitis. Material and methods: 50 hepatic core biopsies selected randomly were received from Histopathology Department at National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and examined for histopathological features using (hematoxylin and eosin), stage of hepatic fibrosis using stellate cell Masson s' trichrome stain, and examined for stellate cell activity using alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) immunostaining. Results: The relation between degree of ASMA expression by stellate cells and stage of fibrosis was highly significant with a p value <0.001, also the relation between degree of necroinflammation and degree of ASMA expression by stellate cells was highly significant with a p value <0.001. The relation between degree of necroinflammation and stage of fibrosis was highly significant with a p value <0.001. The relation between age of patient and stage of fibrosis also was statistically significant with a p value =0.012. The relation between age of patient and degree of necroinflammation was statistically significant with a p value =0.017. Conclusion: To summarize from hepatic core biopsies of patients suffering from chronic HCV, the number of active stellate cells was found to be positively associated with stage of hepatic fibrosis.