Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinases substrate 1 (NUCKS1) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, in association with clinicopathological characteristics, including the tumor grade, frequency of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. In addition, associations between NUCKS1 and other tumor subtype markers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6), were investigated. NUCKS1 expression was shown to be associated with the formation of distant metastases and lymph node involvement. Furthermore, an association between the presence of NUCKS1 and histological grading was observed. The results confirmed that the expression of NUCKS1 in low grade invasive breast carcinoma of no special type was significantly less common compared with cases of high grade carcinoma. With regard to the additional tumor subtype markers, NUCKS1 expression was demonstrated to be significantly associated with Ki-67 and CK 5/6; however, no association was identified with ER, PR and HER2. Therefore, NUCKS1 may be a novel prognostic marker in the histopathological evaluation of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type.
Highlights
Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin‐dependent kinases substrate 1 (NUCKS1) is a nuclear DNA binding proteinKey words: invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin‐dependent kinases substrate, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, cytokeratin 5/6, estrogen and progesterone receptors found in almost all types of human cells [1]
The aim of the present study was to establish whether NUCKS1 expression may be considered as a prognostic marker of breast carcinoma, and whether this marker correlates with other clinicopathological features
Reactivity for NUCKS1, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki‐67 was observed in >50% of all the examined samples, whereas the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) was below this level
Summary
Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin‐dependent kinases substrate 1 (NUCKS1) is a nuclear DNA binding protein. The classification system divides invasive breast carcinoma into four molecular subtypes: Luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and basal‐like (triple negative) [10]; the major subtypes are defined by gene profile and histochemical biomarker expression [11,12]
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