Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptor-alpha in sex ducts and gonads of newborn piglets.

Abstract

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) expression in piglet uteri has previously been reported from day 15 after birth. Nevertheless, uterine tissue has been reported to be estrogen sensitive from the day of birth. Since estrogen action in the uterine tissue is suggested to be mediated principally by ER-alpha, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of ER-alpha in uteri of 1- to 2-day-old piglets by means of immunohistochemistry. In addition, sex ducts and gonads of both sexes were examined. The results clearly demonstrate the presence of ER-alpha immunopositive cells in uterine tissue, which explains its estrogen responsiveness. Immunostaining was most intense in the glandular epithelial cells and is suggested to indicate participation of ER-alpha in adenogenesis. In oviducts, almost all epithelial cells were immunostained moderately positive, while the stroma cells were stained comparably more positive. The functional significance of this intensity difference is uncertain but could indicate that part of the estrogen action on the epithelium is mediated through the stroma cells, as is known for the uterus. In ovaries, the surface epithelium and stroma cells were immunostained, whereas germ and granulosa cells were immunonegative. It is speculated that ER-alpha might be involved in yet unknown intraovarian mechanisms. In male sex ducts, immunostaining was virtually confined to the epithelium of efferent ducts. All cells in the epididymis as well as in vas deferens were immunonegative. The unique presence of ER-alpha in efferent ducts corresponds with localization in other species, where it has been shown to be involved in fluid reabsorption. The obtained data on localization of ER-alpha correspond with the present knowledge, obtained in ER-alpha knockout mice, of the biological function of ER-alpha within male and female gonads and sex ducts.