Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. The aims of this study was to investigate the association of LMP-1 EBV in theses tumors in Sudan
 To assess the expression pattern of LMP-1 immunohistochemical stain in the different histological types of NPC and to define any association between the expression of LMP-1 with the sex, the age and the histological types of NPC.
 Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC biopsies were evaluated in 35 biopsies for the presence of LMP1 using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
 Histologically the cases were, (54%) (19/35) of squamous cell carcinomas subtypes, (26%) (9/35) of undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma and (20%) (7/35) of keratinized squamous cell carcinomas.LAMP-1 detected in five (5/9) (55%) of undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, positive, four (4/19) (21%) of non keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and in two (28%) (2/7) of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma, with (P.value = 0.182), so there is no statistically significant different in the correlation of EBV with histological subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
 This study confirms that EBV is present in a subset of Sudanese NPC patients. Our results are consistent with those reported by other studies concerning the same NPC endemic risk area and provide original data concerning Sudan.
Highlights
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm with a remarkable geographic and racial distribution worldwide
Type III NPC comprises over 95% of NPC in high-incidence areas, and most of the remaining 5% is type II NPC 9, 12; in contrast, type I NPC is predominant in low-incidence regions, and may have an etiology distinct from that of the other two histologic types 13
Arising in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, NPC comprises the vast majority of nasopharyngeal cancers in both high- and low-incidence populations 8, 6
Summary
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm with a remarkable geographic and racial distribution worldwide. 7. Type III NPC comprises over 95% of NPC in high-incidence areas, and most of the remaining 5% is type II NPC 9, 12; in contrast, type I NPC is predominant in low-incidence regions, and may have an etiology distinct from that of the other two histologic types 13. In 2002, ∼80,000 incident cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed worldwide and the estimated number of deaths exceeded 50,000, making it the 23rd most common new cancer in the world 11; in contrast, NPC was the fourth most common new malignancy in Hong Kong 10. Arising in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, NPC comprises the vast majority of nasopharyngeal cancers in both high- and low-incidence populations 8, 6
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