Immunohistochemical Expression of Bcl-2, E-cadherin, CD34 and CD105 in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma - An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with a high propensity for distant metastasis. In this article, we present clinicopathological and survival data of eight cases of BSCC and further analyse the behaviour of these tumours with the help of E-cadherin, CD34, CD105 and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) immunoexpression. Materials and Methods: Histopathologically confirmed cases of BSCC were retrieved from the department archives. Clinicopathological details and survival data of these patients were collected. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with Bcl-2, E-cadherin, CD34 and CD105 on these cases and compared with different grades of OSCC (well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated). The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 23. Results: BSCC was seen commonly in males of age group 49–71 years and predominantly reported in the retromolar trigone. Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower in BSCCs when compared to the conventional OSCC groups (P < 0.05). E-cadherin expression showed no significant difference between BSCC and well-differentiated OSCC group (P = 0.487). The overall mean survival for patients with BSCC was 6.37 months. Discussion: BSCCs of the oral cavity show increased CD105, CD34, E-cadherin and low Bcl-2 labelling. A substantial relationship between the tumour neo-angiogenesis, collective cell migration and apoptotic property could be related to the aggressive nature of this tumour and its poor overall survival rate. BSCCs are common in middle to older aged male and show increased expression of CD105, CD34 and E-cadherin.