Abstract
Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) have a diagnostic thin epithelial lining characterised by a linear epithelial connective tissue interface generally lacking inflammatory changes, basal palisading of the nuclei and a wavy parakeratotic layer on the surface. This typical epithelium may convert to a thicker non-keratinizing one with rete pegs and a relatively flat surface after operative decompression. The aim was to characterize this type of epithelial change by immunohistochemistry for bcl2, keratin17, 10 and 19. Eleven out of 33 archived OKCs demonstrated an altered epithelium related to previous biopsy, decompressing drainage or inflammation. The typical basal bcl2 staining was lost in 10/11 cases; transepithelial CK17 was lost or markedly reduced in 9/11 cases. CK10 displayed a segmental upper layer staining in OKCs, and its loss or partial loss in the altered epithelium did not differ from negative areas of OKCs. CK19 displayed various staining patterns in the altered epithelium from lost to maintained in a patchy transepithelial distribution, the latter of which did not differ from the typical OKC staining pattern. Three of four non-keratinizing epithelial linings with basal palisading displayed immunostaining reminiscent of typical OKC epithelium. The lack of a typical epithelium is not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of OKC if the sampling is not generous (e.g. biopsy), and the presence of non-keratinizing epithelium with basal palisading and an immunophenotype characteristic of OKC (basal bcl2, patchy or diffuse CK17 and upper layer CK10 positivity) may be consistent with the OKC diagnosis even in the absence of typical epithelial lining.
Highlights
Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) were first described by Philipsen in 1956 [1]
In 1960, they were recognized as a common feature of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, the jaw cysts of the syndrome were not identified as “OKCs” in the original description [2]
Cases with a diagnosis of OKC or keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) were reassessed, and those displaying the characteristic features of OKC were analysed further
Summary
In 1960, they were recognized as a common feature of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, the jaw cysts of the syndrome were not identified as “OKCs” in the original description [2]. They are currently classified as non-inflammatory odontogenic cysts in the WHO classification. The epithelial – connective tissue interface is generally devoid of inflammation When this typical histology is present (Fig. 1a), the histological diagnosis of OKC is straight forward, but sometimes the characteristic features are seen only focally, and the typical epithelial lining is lost, denuded or transformed due to inflammation and/or previous opening of the cyst. Personal and consultation experience with this diagnostic difficulty (e.g. a typical OKC epithelium in the biopsy, and only focal presence of this epithelium with dominant altered variant in the surgical specimen 2 months later; Fig. 1b and c) has partly prompted the present work
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