IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RAT LYMPH NODES DURING INTRALYMPHATIC IMMUNOSTIMULATION WITH ACID PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of the immunohistochemical reaction of lymph nodes after intralymphatic immunostimulation with acid peptidoglycan in a rat model. Material and Methods: Immunostimulation was modeled in groups by introducing APG with a molecular weight of 1000–40000 kDa at a dose of 0.3 U. The drug was administered intramuscularly in the comparison group (n=30) and intralymphatically in the main group (n=30), on days 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10 of the experiment. Hyaluronidase was used as a lymphotropic substance at a dose of 0.07 U. We used Bcl-2 rabbit antibodies, сlone: SP66 (Roche, Switzerland) and CD-3 antibodies (PrimeBioMed, Russia). The UltraVision Quanto Detection System HRP Polymer (ThermoFisher, USA) was used as a detection system. Results: Intralymphatic administration of APG gives an immunostimulating effect on the third day from the start of administration. Meanwhile, with intramuscular immunostimulation, the effect occurred only on the seventh day of the experiment (p≤0.05). Immunohistochemical studies using Bcl-2 and CD-3 showed the effectiveness of APG as an immunostimulator, which was confirmed by increased expression of CD-3+, while an increase in the pool of Bcl-2+ cells indicated strengthened barrier and anti-apoptotic properties of lymph nodes. The duration of the immunostimulating effect depended on the route of APG administration. With the lymphatic route of administration, the effect occurred on the third day, with the intramuscular route – on the seventh day from the start of administration of the immunostimulant (p≤0.05). Conclusion: An APG based drug stimulates the expression of genes for signaling receptors of immune effectors, which increases their sensitivity to pathogens of various natures and elicits an adequate immune response in the body.