Immunohistochemical analysis on aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 in skin wounds from the aspects of wound age determination.

Abstract

Immunohistochemical investigation of aquaporin (AQP)1 and AQP3 was performed in human skin wounds obtained from forensic autopsy cases. A total of 55 human skin wounds of different postinfliction intervals were collected as follows: group I, 0-3days (n=16); II, 4-7days (n=11); III, 9-14days (n=16); and IV, 17-21days (n=12). In uninjured skin samples, AQP1 and AQP3 could be slightly detected in dermal vessels and keratinocytes, respectively. The percentage of AQP1+ vessels and the number of AQP3+ keratinocytes were apparently elevated in accordance with wound ages. The number of AQP3+ keratinocytes was distinctly evident in groups II and III. Morphometrically, both AQP1+ vessel area and AQP3+ cell number were markedly increased in group II, compared with other three groups. With regard to forensic safety, AQP1+ vessel area of over 5% would imply wound ages of 4-12days. Moreover, the positive area of >15% would suggest wound age of 7-10days. Especially, most samples of skin wounds aged 5-10days except for only one sample (a 10-day-old wound) showed AQP3+ cell number of >300, and the remaining other samples had that of <300. Thus, the AQP3+ cell number of >300 would indicate wound ages of 5-10days. Collectively, immunohistochemical analyses of AQP1 and AQP3 in human skin wounds would support the objective accuracy of wound age determination.