Abstract
Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold (CAS) may have multiple functions that could be used to regenerate the alveolar bone defects. The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of SHED and CAS in alveolar bone defects using an immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: ten three-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (R. novergicus) that weighed between 150-250 grams (g) were used as animal models. A simple blind random sampling method was used to select the sample that was assigned to the study group for CAS and SHED seeded in CAS (n=5). The animal study model of the alveolar bone was established by extracting the anterior mandible teeth. Rodent anesthesia was applied to relieve the pain during the procedure for all test animals. Immunohistochemistry was performed after seven days to facilitate the examination of the receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegrin (OPG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression. The data was analyzed using the unpaired t-test (p<0.01) and Pearson's correlation test (p<0.05). Results: The OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin expressions were higher in SHED seeded in CAS than CAS only with a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01). Furthermore, the RANKL expression was lower in SHED seeded in CAS compared to CAS only. There was a strong reverse significant correlation between OPG and RANKL expression (p<0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteogenic marker expressing cells, such as OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin, increased. However, RANKL expression in the alveolar bone defects that were implanted with SHED seeded in CAS did not increase after seven days.
Highlights
Periodontitis is the second most prevalent oral disease after dental caries[1]
The RANKL expression was lower in Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold (CAS) compared to CAS only
The transplantation of SHED seeded in CAS or CAS only at selected doses did not lead to any general toxicity, edema, death or changes in body weight of the rats
Summary
Periodontitis is the second most prevalent oral disease after dental caries[1]. Approximately 743 million people globally suffer from periodontitis, and this figure has increased by 57.3% over the last ten years[2,3]. Low socio-economic conditions in certain populations will increase the prevalence and extent of the tooth loss, which can result in an alveolar bone defect due to the limited access to dental treatment[8]. We have been reduced the explanation about periodontitis as a causative factor on the bone defect due to we used the tooth extraction induce alveolar bone defect model in rats. *This study novely was the transplantation of SHED seeded in CAS could increase the number of osteogenic markers expressing cells, such as OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin, but not the RANKL expression in the bone defects after seven days in comparison to the CAS group. The previous researchs about combination of SHED and CAS ameliorate alveolar bone defect post tooth extraction is still limited. Results: The OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin expressions were higher in SHED seeded in CAS than CAS version 2 (revision)
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