Immunogenicity, safety and tolerance of a purified duck embryo vaccine (PDEV, VAXIRAB) for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: Results of a multicentric study in India

Abstract

Rabies continues to be a major public health problem in India. Nearly 17 million people are getting exposed to this disease every year. Therefore the need for effective post-exposure prophylaxis with safe and potent modern rabies vaccines continues to exist. Purified Duck Embryo Vaccine (PDEV) was introduced in this country to meet the ever increasing need for modern rabies vaccines. In this study we have assessed the safety, imunogenicity and tolerance of an indigenously manufactured PDEV in people exposed to dog and other animal bites. One hundred and fifty people (5-59 years) who were having WHO category II or III animal bites were vaccinated with PDEV using the Essen Intramuscular regimen and rabies immunoglobluin (RIG) was administered to category III exposures.. Their blood samples were analyzed for rabies virus neutralizing antibody response (RVNA) by Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) on day 0, 14, 30, 90, 180 and 365. Adverse effects to vaccines were monitored during the course of vaccination. There was 100% sero- conversion from day 14 onwards with adequate RVNA titers ( >= 0.5 IU/mL) up to day 365. The incidence of side effects was minimal and self limiting. Hence it can be concluded that indigenously manufactured PDEV (Vaxirab) is a safe and immunogenic vaccine and can safely be used for post-exposure prophylaxis.