Abstract
The research and development of a pertussis-combined vaccine using a novel inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from the Sabin strain (sIPV) is of great significance in the polio eradication project and to address the recent resurge in pertussis. In the present study, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate DTacP-sIPV with those of a commercial DTacP-wIPV/Hib, DTaP/Hib, pertussis vaccine, and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant control in the rhesus macaque model with a 0-, 1-, and 2-month immunization schedule. At day 28 after the third dose, rhesus macaques were challenged with aerosol pertussis and the antibody and cellular response together with pertussis clinical symptoms were determined. The production of anti-PT, anti-PRN, anti-FHA, anti-DT, anti-TT, and polio type I, II, III antibodies was induced by the candidate DTacP-sIPV, which was as potent as commercial vaccines. In comparison with the control group that showed typical pertussis symptoms of humans after the aerosol challenge, the DTacP-sIPV group did not exhibit obvious clinical pertussis symptoms and had higher neutralization titers of anti-PT, anti-PRN, and anti-FHA. In conclusion, the DTacP-sIPV vaccine was able to induce immunity in rhesus macaques to prevent pertussis infections after immunization. The developed vaccine was as efficient as other commercial vaccines.
Highlights
Combination vaccines are currently recommended for use in routine immunization schedules, owing to advantages such as the reduced number of injections, decreased discomfort for children, improved vaccine coverage rates, and cost effectiveness [1,2]
With the progress in polio eradication, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the development of an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine derived from an attenuated poliovirus Sabin strain that can significantly reduce the potential risk of outbreaks caused by containment breaches during vaccine production as compared with wild-type poliovirus strain-based IPV, especially in developing countries
The nasopharyngeal colonization of B. pertussis detected at day 3 peaked at day 7 after the challenge in all groups; the colonies in the whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccinated group rapidly decreased and cleared up by day 28; all acellular pertussis (aP) groups showed a gradual decrease in the number of colonies at day 45. These results suggest that though all the vaccination groups could effectively prevent the colonization of pertussis, the number of pertussis colonies in the wP group was significantly lower than that in the aP-related groups and that the clearance of pertussis infection was significantly earlier than that in the aP and negative control groups
Summary
Combination vaccines are currently recommended for use in routine immunization schedules, owing to advantages such as the reduced number of injections, decreased discomfort for children, improved vaccine coverage rates, and cost effectiveness [1,2]. With the progress in polio eradication, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the development of an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine derived from an attenuated poliovirus Sabin strain (sIPV) that can significantly reduce the potential risk of outbreaks caused by containment breaches during vaccine production as compared with wild-type poliovirus strain-based IPV (wIPV), especially in developing countries. Both the conventional IPV made from wild poliovirus and the recently launched sIPV are included in the “Global Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan” [7]. The use of sIPV to develop a DTP-sIPV combined vaccine will facilitate polio eradication in China and other countries worldwide
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