Abstract
Global polio eradication requires both safe and effective vaccines, and safe production processes. Sabin oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) strains can evolve to virulent viruses and result in poliomyelitis outbreaks, and conventional inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk-IPV) production includes accumulation of large stocks of neurovirulent wild polioviruses. Therefore, IPV based on attenuated OPV strains seems a viable option. To increase the global supply of affordable inactivated vaccine in the still not-polio free world we developed an IPV made from the Sabin strains–PoliovacSin. Clinical trials included participants 18–60 years of age. A phase I single-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included 60 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Placebo. A phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial included 200 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Imovax Polio. All vaccinations were well tolerated, and PoliovacSin had a comparable safety profile to the Placebo or the reference Imovax Polio preparations. A significant increase in neutralizing antibody levels to polioviruses types 1–3 (Sabin and wild) was observed in PoliovacSin and Imovax Polio vaccinated groups. Therefore, clinical trials confirmed good tolerability, low reactogenicity, and high safety profile of the PoliovacSin and its pronounced immunogenic properties. The preparation was approved for clinical trials involving infants.
Highlights
The history of effective poliomyelitis control goes back more than 60 years since the development of vaccines from inactivated wild and live attenuated strains, i.e., inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV)
OPV became the vaccine of choice for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)
Rare vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases are registered in OPV recipients or their unvaccinated contacts [2]
Summary
The history of effective poliomyelitis control goes back more than 60 years since the development of vaccines from inactivated wild and live attenuated strains, i.e., inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). The use of the vaccines allowed to reduce the incidence of poliomyelitis worldwide and to start implementing a program to eradicate the disease. OPV became the vaccine of choice for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). The live OPV turned out to be potentially dangerous. It can cause vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in approximately one case per 2.7 million doses of OPV. Rare VAPP cases are registered in OPV recipients or their unvaccinated contacts [2]
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