Abstract
At the present stage of science development it is necessary to develop and implement the grape breeding programs for immunity basing on the international level of knowledge about the genetics of immunity to pathogens that cause culture diseases. The extensive material on genes of grape resistance to Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator (Uncinula necator), which cause mildew and oidium diseases, has been collected thanks to the MAS technology. There is an evidence of necessity to pyramidize genes of resistance to these pathogens in one progeny genome for consistent field resistance to the complex of these pathogens. However, even at present, the issue of study the transfer of specific genes of resistance from parents to the progeny, their combining ability in one genome, and gene expression during pathogenesis remains relevant. This publication discusses the formation of grape breeding program in the FSBSI Institute Magarach of the RAS on introgression of resistance genes of the species Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and also presents the results of phytopathological screening of populations resulting from crossing with this species.
Highlights
According to the entries of botanical classification and systematics, all diversity of grape forms is combined in one family Vitaceae, which includes 14 genera and about 900 species
In accordance with the breeding program accepted in the Institute Magarach, one of research directions is the study of introgression of genes that determine the resistance of grape plants to pathogens of Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator, causing the development of mildew and oidium diseases, from the genome of Vitis rotundifolia into a genome with predominance of Vitis vinifera genes [9]
The main goal of the research was to study the introgression of the Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadinia rotundifolia) genes, determining the resistance to fungal pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator, into the genome of Vitis vinifera or the genome with the prevalence of Vitis vinifera genes during the process of pathogenesis
Summary
According to the entries of botanical classification and systematics, all diversity of grape forms is combined in one family Vitaceae, which includes 14 genera and about 900 species. Main areas of their distribution are East Asia and North America, with about 25-30 and 30-40 taxa growing there, respectively [1]. The varieties of V. vinifera species are generally not resistant to pathogens causing diseases. The prospects of breeding for disease resistance are under discussion including new breeding methods such as cisgenesis and genome editing [2, 3]
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