Abstract
The results of a one-year prospective study, during which the process of immunogenesis in patients over 18 years of age with moderate and severe coronavirus infection was monitored and analyzed in clinical and paraclinical (clinical laboratory) aspects, are summarized and presented. The study included 2683 patients, all treated in the Clinic of Internal Diseases at the University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine “N. I. Pirogov” EAD, Sofia for the period from April 2020 to December 2020. Patients were followed for one year after recovering from moderate to severe coronavirus infection. Patients are grouped into four age categories as follows: 18–45 years; 46–65 years; 66–80 years and over 80 years. The results of our study show that during the study period in 97% of patients the level of anti-SARS-CoV2, rose and in the remaining three percent it was flat or followed by subsequent waning (in less than 1% of patients), but does not reach critically low levels (i. e. below the positivity conditional threshold). The level of IgG reached a peak and then waned, but on the other hand, as mentioned above, the amount of Ig-Total tested shows a significant increase. This trend is observed in all age groups, with a difference in the level of IgG and Ig-Total depending on age. The results of the additional screening in the target period in terms of virulence and virus segregation, categorically rule out the suspicion of the presence of “silent spreader”. During the follow-up period, no patients were re-hospitalized due to recurrence of Coronavirus infection (re-infection and illness).
Highlights
Over the last 20 years, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARSCoV-2 coronavirus infections, which have become more common in the human population, pose a threat to public health, as they can lead to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), (Santiesteban-Lores et al 2021)
The results of our study show, that within the study period in 97% of patients the total amount of anti-SARS-CoV2AB increases, and in the remaining three percent it is flat or descending, but not enough critically low levels
The amount of anti-SARS-CoV2-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreases gradually (Figs 2, 3), but on the other hand, as mentioned above, the amount of anti-SARS-CoV2-Total tested, shows a significant increase (Figs 2, 4). This trend is observed in all age groups, with a difference in the absolute number of antiSARS-CoV2-IgG and anti-SARS-CoV2-Total with age
Summary
Over the last 20 years, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARSCoV-2 coronavirus infections, which have become more common in the human population, pose a threat to public health, as they can lead to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), (Santiesteban-Lores et al 2021). “Coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-2019) is caused by a new strain of the human population of the Coronavirus family, known as SARS-CoV-2), identified in Wuhan, China (Chen et al 2020; Xu X et al 2020). Until October 10, 2021 the number of infected is 238 378 962, as all deaths in the world are 4 863 187, the number of survivors is 215 508 640. SARS-CoV-2 infections result in highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes, ranging from the absence of any symptoms to severe disease and death (Jagannathan and Wang 2021). The incubation period of the disease was from 1 to 12 days with a median of 4 days (Peng et al 2003)
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