Abstract
This study was conducted to correlate and compare the immunoexpression of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX-2) in oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions with that in normal buccal mucosa (control). In this observational study, OL with low-risk (n=34) and high-risk (n=33) dysplasia and control samples (n=25) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for SOX-2. In the epithelium, SOX-2 positive and negative cells, as well as semiautomatic segmentation of the immunopositive nuclear area were counted. Statistical tests included chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey, and Games-Howell. The level of significance was 5%. Groups with OL lesions (low and high-risk) showed higher mean numbers of SOX-2 positive cells (63.47±25.70 and 68.18±21.17) compared to the control group (45.85±27.38) (p=0.00). Groups with OL lesions (low and high-risk) exhibited higher mean positive nuclear area (0.24±0.47 and 1.09±2.06) compared to the control group (0.00±0.01) (p=0.01). Oral leukoplakia lesions showed a higher expression of SOX-2, suggesting its contribution to the pathogenesis of OL.
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